Magnetic motor and method of use

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the present invention may include a method of producing mechanical power by moving a coil coupled to a shaft partially into a magnetic cylinder having a magnetic end cap containing a plurality of stacked magnetic forces, changing the magnetic polarity of the shaft, moving the coil out of the magnetic cylinder. In other embodiments, there is an electric motor apparatus comprising a magnetic cylinder, a coil coupled to a shaft, and a means for reversing the magnetic polarity of the shaft.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/513,486, filed Oct. 28, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 16/410,986, filed May 13, 2019, which is acontinuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/089,545 filed Apr. 2, 2016,which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/554,023 filedNov. 25, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/279,079 filed Oct. 21, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/406,031 filed on Oct. 22, 2010, thedisclosures of which are all incorporated herein by reference for allpurposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates in general to a new and improved electric motorand in particular to an improved system and method for producing motionfrom an electromagnetic motor.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Electric motors use electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, verytypically through the interaction of magnetic fields andcurrent-carrying conductors. The conversion of electrical energy intomechanical energy by electromagnetic means was first demonstrated by theBritish scientist Michael Faraday in 1821.

In a traditional electric motor, a central core of tightly wrappedcurrent carrying material (known as the rotor) spins or rotates at highspeed between the fixed poles of a magnet (known as the stator) when anelectric current is applied. The central core is typically coupled to ashaft which will also rotate with the rotor. The shaft may be used todrive gears and wheels in a rotary machine and/or convert rotationalmotion into motion in a straight line.

A linear motor may be visualized as a typical electric motor that hasbeen cut open and unwrapped. The “stator” is laid out in the form of atrack of flat coils made from aluminum or copper and is known as the“primary” of a linear motor. The “rotor” takes the form of a movingplatform known as the “secondary.” When the current is switched on, thesecondary glides past the primary supported and propelled by a magneticfield.

Although electric motors have been used for over 150 years, as theworld's energy resources grow more scarce, there is a need for moreefficient methods and improvements in electrical motors.

SUMMARY

In response to these and other problems, there is presented variousembodiments disclosed in this application, including a method ofproducing mechanical power by moving a coil coupled to a shaft partiallyinto a magnetic cylinder having a magnetic end cap, changing themagnetic polarity of the shaft, and moving the coil out of the magneticcylinder. In other embodiments, there is an electric motor apparatuscomprising a magnetic cylinder, a coil coupled to a shaft, and a meansfor reversing the magnetic polarity of the shaft.

These and other features, and advantages, will be more clearlyunderstood from the following detailed description taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings. It is important to note the drawings arenot intended to represent the only aspect of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top view of a magnetic disc.

FIG. 2 is a schematic section view of a magnetic cylinder.

FIG. 3 is a schematic section view of a magnetic cylinder.

FIG. 4 a is a conceptualized section view of a magnetic motor assemblyat the top of a stroke.

FIG. 4 b is a conceptualized section view of a magnetic motor assemblyat the bottom of a stroke.

FIG. 4 c is a conceptualized section view of a magnetic motor assemblyat the bottom of a stroke after coils have been energized.

FIG. 4 d is a conceptualized section view of a magnetic motor assemblyat the top of a stroke.

FIG. 5 a is an isometric view of a single cylinder engine.

FIG. 5 b is a section view of the single cylinder engine of FIG. 5 a.

FIG. 6 a is an isometric view of a dual cylinder engine.

FIG. 6 b is a section view of the dual cylinder engine of FIG. 6 a.

FIGS. 7 a through 7 d are conceptualized section views of the twocylinder engine of FIGS. 6 a and 6 b showing the cylinders rotatingthrough their respective strokes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Specific examples of components, signals, messages, protocols, andarrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure.These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit theinvention from that described in the claims. Well-known elements arepresented without detailed description in order not to obscure thepresent invention in unnecessary detail. For the most part, detailsunnecessary to obtain a complete understanding of the present inventionhave been omitted inasmuch as such details are within the skills ofpersons of ordinary skill in the relevant art. Details regarding controlcircuitry, power supplies, or circuitry used to power certain componentsor elements described herein are omitted, as such details are within theskills of persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art.

When directions, such as upper, lower, top, bottom, clockwise,counter-clockwise, are discussed in this disclosure, such directions aremeant to only supply reference directions for the illustrated figuresand for orientation of components in the figures. The directions shouldnot be read to imply actual directions used in any resulting inventionor actual use. Under no circumstances, should such directions be read tolimit or impart any meaning into the claims.

Turning now to FIG. 1 , there is presented a top view of one embodimentof a magnetic disc 110 which may be used by various embodiments of thepresent invention. In the illustrated embodiment, there is a pluralityof permanent magnets 102 or permanent magnetic devices radially arrangedabout the center axis of the disc or a longitudinal axis 104.

In the illustrative embodiment, the plurality of magnets 102 arepositioned between an interior ring 106 and an exterior retaining ring108. The retaining ring 108 is structurally sufficient to overcome themagnetic repulsive forces of the magnetic devices and maintain theradial arrangement of the magnets 102. The retaining ring 108 may beformed from a variety of materials. In the illustrative embodiment, theretaining ring 108 is formed from iron or a relatively soft iron alloy.In other embodiments, they may be formed from non-ferrous metal ifstructural strength is the primary consideration for the use of theretaining ring.

In this example, the interior ring 106 is also concentrically positionedabout the longitudinal axis 104. The interior ring 106 may be formedfrom iron and may be added to strengthen the magnetic flux strength ofthe system or for additional structural stability. In certainembodiments the interior ring 106 may be formed from non-ferrous metalif structural strength is the primary consideration for the use of theinner retaining ring.

In the illustrated embodiment, each individual magnet of the pluralityof magnets 102, for instance magnet 102 a, is orientated such that oneof its magnetic poles faces inward towards the longitudinal or centeraxis 104 of the magnetic disc 110. Consequently, the opposing pole facesoutward from the center of the magnetic disc 110. By way of example, themagnets 102 each have their north poles facing inward and their southpoles facing outward. Thus, the magnets 102 have their similar magneticpoles pointing towards the longitudinal axis 104. In other embodiments,the magnets 102 may have their similar magnetic poles (i.e., their southpoles) facing towards the longitudinal axis 104.

In certain embodiments, the magnets 102 may be made of out any suitablemagnetic material, such as: neodymium, Alnico alloys, ceramic permanentmagnets, or even electromagnets. In certain embodiments, each magnet 102a in the plurality of magnets 102 has the dimensions of 1″×1″×2″. Theexact number of magnets or electromagnets will be dependent on therequired magnetic field strength or mechanical configuration. Theillustrated embodiment is only one way of arranging the magnets, basedon certain commercially available magnets. Other arrangements arepossible—especially if magnets are manufactured for this specificpurpose.

The individual magnets 102 a are held in place by an appropriatesecuring method known in the art, such as casting the magnets in resin,epoxying the magnets to a substrate, or by securing the magnets withmechanical fasteners.

In certain embodiments, fastening features 112, such as screw holes,threaded studs, or interlocking rings are formed on the exterior of theouter retaining ring 108 to allow the magnetic disc 110 to be fastenedto other magnetic discs or a support structure (not shown). Forinstance, turning to FIG. 2 , there is shown a plurality of nine modularmagnetic discs 110 coupled together to form a magnetic cylinder 114.Although nine magnetic discs 110 are illustrated, depending on therequired magnetic flux field strength of the magnetic cylinder 114 orthe desired stroke length (described below), any number of magneticdiscs could be used to assemble the magnetic cylinder 114.

Because of the modular concept of the magnetic disc 110, in certainembodiments any number of magnetic discs 110 may be used to create amagnetic cylinder 114 of a desired length and/or power.

In other embodiments, the magnetic cylinder 114 may comprise a singleinner confinement ring 111, a single outer confinement ring 113, andpredetermined number of rows of the plurality of magnets 102 positionedin a radial manner.

In the illustrative embodiment, the magnetic cylinder 114 isconcentrically centered about the longitudinal axis 104. In certainembodiments, the magnetic cylinder 114 includes a magnetic end cap 116coupled to one end of the magnetic cylinder 114 to create a closedcylinder end. In some embodiments, the magnetic end cap 116 comprises anend plate 118, an end cap plate 119, a cap structure such as a circularretaining ring 120, and a plurality of end magnets 122. In otherembodiments, the magnets 122 may extend into the interior space 115 ofthe magnetic cylinder 114. For instance, in certain embodiments, onethird of the length of the magnets 122 may extend into the interiorspace 115 of the magnetic cylinder 114. The magnets 122 are eachorientated such that their similar poles each face towards the interiorof the cylinder 114. For instance, in this example, each of the magnetsof the plurality of magnets have their north poles facinginward—corresponding to the north magnetic poles of the magnets 102which also face inwards towards the longitudinal axis 114. Thus, thesimilar poles (e.g., north poles) of each individual magnet in theplurality of magnets 102 and magnets 122 each face inward with respectto the cylinder 114.

In certain embodiments, the plurality of end magnets 122 may be madefrom material similar to the magnets 102 of the disc 110. In certainembodiments, the end magnets 122 may be secured in a housing (i.e., theend plate 118, the end cap plate 119, and the circular retaining ring120) and positioned such that their poles are parallel to thelongitudinal axis 104. The end magnets 122 may also be arranged in aradial manner to form a concentric ring of end magnets. In certainembodiments, the end plate 118, the end cap plate 119, and circularretaining ring 120 may be made from the same material as the inner ring106 or the outer ring 108 as discussed above.

The permanent magnets 102 and end magnets 122 generate magnetic fluxforces which can be represented in this application as magnetic fluxforces. A simplified representation of the flux lines (or forces) 124 isillustrated in FIG. 3 . When the permanent magnets 102 are arranged intoa circular cylinder with an end cap of the magnets 122, the flux linesor forces will form particular patterns as represented in a conceptualmanner by the flux lines 124 of FIG. 3 . The actual shape, direction,and orientation of the flux forces 124 depend on factors such as the useof an interior retaining ring, or the use of ferrous or non ferrousmetallic end plate, or an end plate consisting of magnetic assembliesoriented to force the lines of flux out of one end of the magneticcylinder.

In conventional configurations, the opposing poles of the magnets areusually aligned longitudinally. Thus, the field flux forces will “hug”or closely follow the surface of the magnets. So, when usingconventional electric motive equipment, the clearances must usually beextremely tight in order to be able to act on these lines of force. Byaligning the magnetic poles of each radially towards the center of thecylinder, the magnetic flux forces tend to stack up (or are “stacked”)as they pass through the center of the magnetic cylinder 114 and radiateperpendicularly from the surface of the magnets. This configurationallows for greater tolerances between the coils (not shown) and themagnetic cylinder 114.

Thus, in this illustrative embodiments, the magnetic flux lines (orforces) 124 will tend to develop a stacking effect and the use of themagnetic end cap 116 manipulates the flux lines or forces 124 of themagnets in the magnetic cylinder 114 such that most or all of the fluxlines or forces 124 flows out of the open end 126 of the cylinder. Forinstance, the magnetic flux forces or lines generated by the magnet 102a tends to exit its interior face (or its north pole), circle around theopen end 126 of the cylinder 114 and return to the south pole orexterior face of the magnet 102 a. Similarly, the magnetic flux lines orforces generated by the magnet 102 b tends to exit its interior face (orits north pole), circle around the top end (or open end) of the cylinder114 and return to the south pole or exterior face of the magnet 102 b.The magnetic flux forces tend to follow this pattern for each successivedisc in the plurality of magnets 102 until the end of magnetic cylinder114 is reached.

The flux lines or forces of the magnets 122 of the magnetic end cap 116will also flow out the open end 126 and back around a closed end 127 ofcylinder 114. Thus, the flux forces produced by the magnets of thecylinder 114 have an unobstructed path to exit through the interior ofthe cylinder and return to its opposing pole on the exterior of thecylinder.

FIG. 4 a illustrates a conceptualized representation of an electricmotor assembly 130 according to certain aspects of the presentinvention. As discussed previously, there is the magnetic cylinder 114and a moveable shaft or core 132. In certain embodiments, the shaft 132is elongated and rod-like in shape. The shaft 132, or a portion thereof,may be made from iron or a ferrite compound with similar magneticproperties. In some embodiments, the iron core (or portion thereof) maybe 1½″ in diameter. In certain embodiments, the core may be a ferritecompound or powder. In some embodiments, the ferrite compound or powdermay be suspended in a viscous material, such as an insulating liquid, alubricant, motor oil, gel, or mineral oil to reduce or eliminate eddycurrents and magnetic hysteresis (especially at higher stroke speeds).

In certain embodiments, there may be a plurality of yolks coupled to aring (not shown) through which the shaft 132 may slide through. Theyolks provide structural support for the shaft 132 and/or the magneticcylinder 114. In other embodiments, there may be a casing (not shown)which provides structural support for the magnetic cylinder 114 and/orthe shaft 132. The yolks and/or casing may be formed from any material,alloy, or compound having the required structural strength. In certainembodiments, non-ferrous metal or composites may be used to prevent anydistortion of cylinder end field flux. In certain embodiments, externalbearings may be used to reduce the friction between the shafts and anysupporting structure.

In this illustrative discussion, the shaft 132 is mechanically coupledto a driven device 136. In certain embodiments, the driven device 136may be a flywheel or crankshaft assembly. In yet other embodiments, thedriven device 136 may be a device independent of a mechanical coupling,such as a gas or liquid pump.

Surrounding a portion of the shaft 132 is a plurality of electric coilsforming part of a coil assembly 134. Each individual coil 134 a in thecoil assembly 134 is made from a conductive material, such as copper (ora similar alloy) wire and may be constructed using conventional windingtechniques known in the art. In certain embodiments, the individualcoils 134 a are essentially cylindrical in shape being wound around acoil core (not shown) having a center opening sized to allow theindividual coil 134 a to be secured to the shaft 132. In certainembodiments, the coil(s) are constructed such that a pole opposite ofthe magnetic cylinder interior poles extends beyond the cylinder endopening.

Although a particular number of coils 134 a are illustrated in FIG. 4 a, depending on the power requirements of the motor assembly 130, anynumber of coils could be used to assemble the coil assembly 134. Incertain embodiments, the coil assembly includes the individual electriccoils and core elements. Such, core elements may include the shaft 132,a portion of the shaft 132, a metal or iron housing, or any similarelement which may be energized or turned into an electromagnet whenelectricity runs through the coils. In some embodiments, the coilassembly 134 may be encased in steel or another material to enhancemovement and to protect the coils and/or wiring.

Commutator segments (not shown) electrically connecting the individualcoils in the coil assembly 134 in series to each other. In otherembodiments, other means, such as wires, etc. typically known in the artcan electrically connect the coils to each other in series.

In some embodiments, the commutator segments are in electricalcommunication with a current source (not shown) via flexible conductors(not shown) running down the shaft 132. Linear slip rings, inductivecoupling, or plurality of brushes (not shown) may also be positionedwithin the magnetic cylinder 114 to provide current to the coils in thecoil assembly 134.

FIG. 4 a represents the motor assembly 130 when the coil assembly 134 isin a first position or at the top of the stroke. In this position, theiron core or shaft 132 (or portions thereof) is attracted to themagnetic cylinder 114. The magnetic attraction will pull a portion ofthe iron shaft 132 into the magnetic cylinder 114 as illustrated in FIG.4 b.

FIG. 4 b represents the motor 130 at a second position or the bottom ofthe power stroke, but before energizing the coil assembly 134.

In FIG. 4 c , the coil assembly 134 is then “energized” or supplied witha current of a proper polarity from a power source (not shown) asdescribed above or as otherwise known in the art. This will createrepulsive flux forces originating from the center area the coil assembly(or core elements of the coil assembly), circling the coil assembly andflowing back into the center area of the opposing end of the coilassembly. In certain embodiments, the flux forces may be abstractlyrepresented by the flux lines or forces 135. The repulsive flux forces135 will compress the flux forces 124 of the cylinder 114 andessentially creates an electromagnet out of the shaft 132 having an end138 or pole of the same polarity as the permanent magnets of themagnetic cap 116. For instance, if the permanent magnets 122 have anorth pole facing inward towards the center of the magnetic cylinder114, the energized shaft 132 would then develop a north pole at itsinterior end 138.

With the energized shaft 132 functioning essentially as a magnet havinga north pole 138 in close proximity to the north poles of the permanentmagnets 122 of the end cap 116 and the interior magnetic poles, themagnetic flux lines 124 compress, creating a repulsive magnetic forcewhich will drive the coil assembly 134 and the shaft 132 out of themagnetic cylinder 114. Thus, creating a return stroke back to thestarting position as illustrated in FIG. 4 d.

In conventional motors, both linear and rotating, enough power of theproper polarity must be supplied to create an opposing (or attracting)force to produce a particular torque. In contrast, certain embodimentsof the present invention may supply enough power to change the magneticdomains present in the shaft 132 or core elements. The power to changethe domains in the presence of the strong magnetic field generated inthe interior of the cylinder 114 is much less than required to create anopposing torque of equal value. Thereby, creating a more efficientelectrical motor than traditional technology.

Furthermore, momentum created during the power stroke (if the drivendevice is a flywheel, for example) may be utilized to assist in theremoval of the shaft 132 from the magnetic cylinder 114 resulting in amotor assembly that is more efficient than conventional motortechnology. With conventional motors an electrical current of sufficientmagnitude must be applied to produce a given horsepower. Typically, thehorsepower produced is equal to electrical power input, e.g. 746 watts=1horsepower (prox).

In the illustrative example, a 1½″×30″ round iron core is attracted intothe magnet cylinder 114 with a force of 60 ft. lbs. (60 ft. lbs. torque)which is an exemplary power stroke.

As discussed in reference to FIG. 4 c , after the downward power strokehas occurred, the coil assembly 134 may be energized with enough powerto change the magnetic domains, which causes a reverse movement orreturn stroke of the shaft 132. In certain embodiments it may bedesirable that the iron core or shaft 132 be made magnetically neutralor balanced, in the illustrative example this can be accomplished withas little as 300 watts (prox). The return stroke can then be generatedin several ways. For instance, the use of a small portion of themomentum generated by a flywheel (not shown in FIG. 4 c ) during thepower stroke while the shaft 132 is magnetically balanced or neutral, ormechanically coupling the core to a bicycle type movement or increasepower to coil to create sufficient torque to return the shaft to thetope of the stroke. Furthermore, in some embodiments, power may beapplied to the coil assembly 134 in both the power and return strokes.Connecting two or more magnetic motor assemblies 130 to a commoncrank/flywheel with the power strokes out of phase would then produce acontinuous power output with little energy consumed to accomplish eachstroke.

In other embodiments, the magnetic end cap 116 may be replaced with anopen end on the magnetic cylinder 114. If the magnetic cylinder is openon both ends, then a longer stroke with less field strength wouldresult. Furthermore, two polarity reversals per stroke will be appliedto the core or shaft 132. In yet, other embodiments, the magneticcylinder 114 may be coupled to a driven device. Thus, the magneticcylinder 114 may move relative to a stationary core or coil assembly.

Turning now to FIG. 5 a , there is isometric view of a single cylinderengine 200 incorporating an embodiment similar to the electric motorassembly 130 discussed above. In FIG. 5 a , a portion of a crankshaftcover has been removed for clarity. FIG. 5 b represents a section viewof the single cylinder engine 200. The single cylinder engine 200 isconceptually similar to the motor assembly 130 described above and maybe considered to be a specific embodiment of the motor assembly 130.

Referring now to both FIG. 5 a and FIG. 5 b , there is a magnetic motorcylinder 202, which comprises a plurality of magnets 204, retainingcylindrical housings or rings 206, and a magnetic end cap 208 which aresimilar to corresponding elements previously described in reference toFIGS. 1 through 4 e. In this embodiment, the cylinder 202 is connectedto a connecting rod cover 210. The connecting rod cover 210 is coupledto a crankshaft cover 212 a and 212 b (only cover 212 a is illustratedin FIGS. 5 a and 5 b ). The covers 212 a and 212 b comprises twosemi-cylindrical halves which couple to each other to form alongitudinal cylindrical cover 212 over the majority of a crankshaftassembly 214 (which may be a single crankshaft rod, a plurality of rodscoupled with connecting linkages, or any crankshaft structure known inthe art). End caps 216 and 217 cover the ends of the cylindrical cover212. Additionally, in some embodiments, there may be intermediateinterior structural plates 218 which form an electrical compartment 219to house position sensors assemblies, electronic controls, or other suchdevices.

In certain embodiments, there may be one or more structural members,such as structural member 220 to provide additional support to themotor. Structural member 220 couples the motor cylinder 202 to thecrankshaft cover 212 a. In certain embodiments, the structural member220 may be structurally coupled to a lateral support member 222. Incertain embodiments, the lateral support member 222 supports alongitudinal support rod 224, which is generally transverse with respectto the crankshaft assembly 214. As illustrated, the longitudinal supportrod 224 is centered about a longitudinal axis of the motor cylinder 202,and in certain embodiments, extends through the end cap 208 of the motorcylinder.

In certain embodiments, interior crankshaft support members 228 a and228 b, which are coupled to the crankshaft cover 212 a, may providestructural support for the crankshaft or a crankshaft assembly.

A coil assembly 226 may be slideably positioned about the longitudinalsupport rod 224. In certain embodiments, the coil assembly 226 may beconceptually similar to the coil assembly 134 described above inreference to FIGS. 4 a through 4 d except the core component has a boreto accommodate the sliding movement of the coil assembly along thesupport rod 224. A means to allow the coil assembly to move along thesupport rod, such as a connecting rod linkage 230 couples the coilassembly 226 to the crankshaft assembly 214.

The operation of the engine 200 is similar to the operation of the motorassembly 130 described above with reference to FIGS. 4 a through 4 d .Iron cores or components 232 in the coil assembly 226 and the connectingrod linkage 230 essentially functions as the shaft 132 of the motorassembly 130 to drive a driven device. The crankshaft assembly 214 is aspecific embodiment of the driven device 136. Thus, a detaileddiscussion of the operation of the engine 200 and the power and returnstrokes of the engine 200 will not be repeated here for brevity andclarity.

The horsepower generated by the engine 200 depends on the attraction ofthe unenergized coil assembly 226 into the motor cylinder 202 during thepower stroke (as described above with reference to FIGS. 4 a through 4 d), with ultimate horsepower determined by the size of motor cylinder202, the size of coil assembly 226, and the speed and frequency of thereturn stroke and whether additional electrical power is supplied on thereturn stroke and/or the attraction stroke. In certain embodiments, themotor produces 60 ft lbs of torque. However, the horsepower is afunction of the torque times the number of polarity reversals persecond.

Turning now to FIG. 6 a , there is isometric view of a dual cylinderengine 300 incorporating an embodiment similar to the electric motorassembly or cylinder 130 discussed above. In FIG. 6 a , a portion of acrankshaft cover has been removed for clarity. FIG. 6 b represents asection view of the dual cylinder engine 300.

Referring now to both FIG. 6 a and FIG. 6 b , there are magnetic motorcylinders 302 a and 302 b configured in a side by side manner (althoughany configuration is possible, including a V configuration, or an inlineconfiguration). In this embodiment, the magnetic motor cylinder 302 acomprises a plurality of magnets 304 a, retaining cylindrical housingsor rings 306 a, and a magnetic end cap 308 a which are similar tocorresponding elements previously described in reference the electricalmotor assembly 130 described in reference to FIGS. 1 through 4 e.Similarly, the magnetic motor cylinder 302 b comprises a plurality ofmagnets 304 b, retaining cylindrical housings or rings 306 b, and amagnetic end cap 308 b which are similar to corresponding elementspreviously described in reference the electrical motor assembly 130described in reference to FIGS. 1 through 4 e.

In this embodiment, the cylinders 302 a and 302 b are connected toconnecting rod covers 310 a and 310 b, respectively. The connecting rodcovers 310 a and 310 b are coupled to crankshaft covers 312 a and 312 b(only cover 312 a is illustrated in FIGS. 6 a and 6 b ). The covers 312a and 312 b comprises two semi-cylindrical halves which couple to eachother to form a longitudinal cylindrical cover 312 over the majority ofa crankshaft assembly 314 (which may be a single crankshaft rod, aplurality of rods coupled with connecting linkages, or any crankshaftstructure known in the art). End caps or plates 316 and 317 cover theends of the cylinder created by the cylindrical cover 312. Additionally,in some embodiments, there may be intermediate interior structuralplates 318 which form an electrical compartment 319 to house positionsensors assemblies, electronic controls, or other such devices.

In certain embodiments, there may be one or more structural members,such as structural members 320 a and 320 b to provide additional supportto the dual cylinder engine 300. Structural member 320 a couples themotor cylinder 302 a to the crankshaft cover 312 a. In certainembodiments, the structural member 320 a may be structurally coupled toa lateral support member 322 a. In certain embodiments, the lateralsupport member 322 a supports a longitudinal support rod 324 a, which isgenerally transverse with respect to the crankshaft assembly 314. Asillustrated, the longitudinal support rod 324 a is centered about alongitudinal axis of the motor cylinder 302 a, and in certainembodiments, extends through the end cap 308 a of the motor cylinder.

Similarly, the structural member 320 b couples the motor cylinder 302 bto the crankshaft cover 312 a. In certain embodiments, the structuralmember 320 b may be structurally coupled to a lateral support member 322b. In certain embodiments, the lateral support member 322 b supports alongitudinal support rod 324 b, which is generally transverse withrespect to the crankshaft assembly 314. As illustrated, the longitudinalsupport rod 324 b is centered about a longitudinal axis of the motorcylinder 302 b, and in certain embodiments, extends through the end cap308 b of the motor cylinder.

In certain embodiments, interior crankshaft support members 328 a, 328b, and 328 c which are coupled to the crankshaft cover 312 may providestructural support for the crankshaft assembly 314.

With respect to the first cylinder or motor cylinder 302 a, a coilassembly 326 a may be slideably positioned about the longitudinalsupport rod 324 a. A connecting rod linkage 330 a couples the coilassembly 326 a to the crankshaft assembly 314. Similarly, with respectto the second cylinder or motor cylinder 302 b, a coil assembly 326 bmay be slideably positioned about the longitudinal support rod 324 b. Aconnecting rod linkage 330 b couples the coil assembly 326 b to thecrankshaft assembly 314. In certain embodiments, the coil assemblies 326a and 326 b may be similar to the coil assembly 226 described above inreference to FIGS. 5 a through 5 b.

FIG. 7 a is a schematic illustration of the dual cylinder engine 300when the coil assembly 326 a is in a first position with respect to themagnetic cylinder 302 a and the coil assembly 326 b is in a secondposition with respect to the magnetic cylinder 302 b. As explained abovein reference to FIGS. 6 a and 6 b , the coil assembly 326 a ismechanically coupled to the crankshaft assembly 314 through theconnecting rod linkage 330 a, which as illustrated, is fully extended toits maximum length. The coil assembly 326 b is mechanically coupled tothe crankshaft assembly 314 through the connecting rod linkage 330 b,which as illustrated is folded back to its minimum length.

In the position illustrated in FIG. 7 a , coil assemblies 326 a and 326b are in an unenergized configuration. In other words, electrical powerfrom a power source 327 has not yet been applied to energize one of thecoil assemblies (as described above). So, the flux forces 332 a and 332b generated by the respective magnetic cylinders 302 a and 302 b aresimilar to the flux forces 124 described above in reference to FIGS. 3and 4 a.

The magnetic and iron elements of the coil assemblies 326 a and 326 bare attracted to their respective magnetic cylinders 302 a and 302 b.However, because of the mechanical configuration of the connecting rodlinkages 330 a and 330 b with the crankshaft assembly 314, only one coilassembly can be at the “top” of a stroke at any given time (i.e.,closest to the crankshaft assembly 314). In other words, in theillustrative embodiment, each coil assembly is out of phase with theother coil assembly. In certain embodiments, when one coil assembly isat the top of the stroke, the other coil assembly is at the bottom ofthe stroke (i.e. farthest from the crankshaft assembly 314). FIG. 7 aillustrates a situation where the magnetic attraction of the magneticcylinder 302 a has pulled the coil assembly 326 a to a first position orbottom of the stroke. When the coil assembly 326 a is at the bottom ofits stroke, the mechanical configuration of the crankshaft assembly 314and connecting rod linkages 328 a and 328 b forces the coil assembly 326b to be at the top of its respective stroke (i.e., closet to thecrankshaft assembly 314).

In FIG. 7 b , the coil assembly 326 a is then “energized” or suppliedwith a current of a proper polarity from the power source 327. This willcreate repulsive flux forces 334 a around the coil assembly 326 a. Incertain embodiments, the repulsive flux forces 334 a originates from thecenter area the coil assembly 326 a (or core elements of the coilassembly), circling the coil assembly and flowing back into the centerarea of the opposing end of the coil assembly. In certain embodiments,the flux forces may be abstractly represented by the flux lines orforces 334 a. The repulsive flux forces 334 a will compress the fluxforces 332 a of the cylinder 302 a and essentially creates anelectromagnet out of the coil assembly 326 a having an end 336 a or poleof the same polarity as the permanent magnets of the magnetic cap 308 a.For instance, if the permanent magnets of the magnetic cap 308 a have anorth pole facing inward towards the interior of the magnetic cylinder302 a, the energized coil assembly 326 a (or the core elements of thecoil assembly 326 a) would then develop a north pole at its interior end336 a.

With the coil assembly 326 a functioning essentially as a magnet havinga north pole at its interior end 336 a in close proximity to the northpoles of the permanent magnets of the end cap 308 a and the interiormagnetic poles, the magnetic flux forces 332 a compress, creating arepulsive magnetic force which will drive the coil assembly 326 a out ofthe magnetic cylinder 302 a—creating a power stroke. The coil assembly326 a, will in turn, push on the connecting linkage 330 a.

As the connecting linkage 330 a is forced towards the crankshaftassembly 314, the crankshaft turns so that the linkage 330 a can fold inon itself. This turning of the crankshaft assembly 314 will then causethe linkage 330 b to begin to extend towards the magnetic cylinder 302b.

As the coil assembly 326 b begins a return stroke, the magnetic or ironcomponents of the coil assembly are attracted to the magnets in themagnetic cylinder 302 b, thus causing the coil assembly 326 b to bepulled into the magnetic cylinder 302 b.

FIG. 7 c is a schematic illustration of the dual cylinder engine 300once the coil assembly 326 b has been pulled into the magnetic cylinder302 b and coil assembly 326 a has been driven out of the magneticcylinder 302 a. Thus, as illustrated, connecting rod linkage 330 a isnow folded back to its minimum length and the connecting rod linkage 330b is extended to its maximum length.

In the position illustrated in FIG. 7 c , coil assemblies 326 a and 326b are in an unenergized configuration. In other words, electrical powerfrom the power source 327 has not yet been applied to energize one ofthe coil assemblies (as described above). So, the flux forces 332 a and332 b generated by the respective magnetic cylinders 302 a and 302 b aresimilar to the flux forces 124 described above in reference to FIGS. 3and 4 a.

FIG. 7 c illustrates a situation where the magnetic attraction of themagnetic cylinder 302 b and the repulsive force on the coil assembly 326a (coupled to the linkage 330 a and crankshaft assembly 314) has pulledthe coil assembly 326 b to the bottom of the stroke. When the coilassembly 326 b is at the bottom of its stroke, the mechanicalconfiguration of the crankshaft assembly 314 and connecting rod linkages330 a and 330 b forces the coil assembly 326 a to be at the top of itsrespective stroke (i.e., closet to the crankshaft assembly 314).

In FIG. 7 d , the coil assembly 326 b is then “energized” or suppliedwith a current of a proper polarity from the power source 327. This willcreate repulsive flux forces 334 b around the coil assembly 326 b. Incertain embodiments, the repulsive flux forces 334 b originates from thecenter area the coil assembly 326 b (or core elements of the coilassembly), circling the coil assembly and flowing back into the centerarea of the opposing end of the coil assembly. In certain embodiments,the flux forces may be abstractly represented by the flux lines orforces 334 b. The repulsive flux forces 334 b will compress the fluxforces 332 b of the cylinder 302 b and essentially creates anelectromagnet out of the coil assembly 326 b having an end 336 b or poleof the same polarity as the permanent magnets of the magnetic cap 308 b.For instance, if the permanent magnets of the magnetic cap 308 b have anorth pole facing inward towards the interior of the magnetic cylinder302 b, the energized coil assembly 326 b would then develop a north poleat its interior end 336 b.

With the coil assembly 326 b functioning essentially as a magnet havinga north pole at its end 336 b in close proximity to the north poles ofthe permanent magnets of the end cap 308 a and the interior magneticpoles, the magnetic flux forces 332 b compress, creating a repulsivemagnetic force which will drive the coil assembly 326 b and theconnecting linkage 330 b away from the magnetic cylinder 302 b—creatinga power stroke.

As the connecting linkage 330 b is forced towards the crankshaftassembly 314, the crankshaft turns so that the linkage 330 b can fold inon itself. This turning of the crankshaft assembly 314 will also causethe linkage 330 a to begin to extend towards the magnetic cylinder 302a.

As the coil assembly 326 a begins a return stroke, the magnetic or ironcomponents of the coil assembly are attracted to the magnets in themagnetic cylinder 302 a, thus causing the coil assembly 326 a to bepulled into the magnetic cylinder 302 a as illustrated in FIG. 7 a.

The cycle illustrated by FIGS. 7 a through 7 d can then repeat, witheach stroke turning the crankshaft assembly 314, which in turn can drivea transmission, pump or another mechanical device. A flywheel (notshown) can be coupled to the crankshaft to allow its inertia to assistin the turning of the crankshaft and to smooth out the flow of thestrokes.

The horsepower generated the engine 300 depends on the attraction of theunenergized coil assemblies 326 a and 326 b into the motor cylinders 302a and 302 b, respectively during the alternating power strokes (asdescribed above with reference to FIGS. 7 a through 7 d ), with ultimatehorsepower determined by the size of motor cylinders 302 a and 302 b,the size of coil assemblies 326 a and 326 b, and the speed and frequencyof the respective power and return strokes and whether additionalelectrical power is supplied on the respective return stroke and/or theattraction stroke. The horsepower is a function of the torque times thenumber of polarity reversals per second.

The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has beenpresented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise formdisclosed. Many combinations, modifications and variations are possiblein light of the above teaching. Undescribed embodiments which haveinterchanged components are still within the scope of the presentinvention. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited notby this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.

For instance, in certain embodiments there may be a method of producingan engine stroke cycle, the method comprising: creating a stackedplurality of magnetic flux forces about a magnetic cylinder such thateach magnetic flux force travels between a first pole of an inward faceof a magnet of the magnetic cylinder, around an open end of the magneticcylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet,creating a second stacked plurality of magnetic flux forces about aclosed end of the magnetic cylinder such that each magnetic flux forcetravels between a first pole of an inward face of a magnet positioned onthe closed, around the open end of the magnetic cylinder, and back to asecond pole of an exterior face of the magnet, creating a power strokeby moving a coil and a shaft coupled to the coil partially through thefirst stacked plurality and second stacked plurality of magnetic fluxforces in a center area of the magnetic cylinder, and applying a currentto the coil to change the magnetic domain of the shaft, moving the coiland the shaft out of the magnetic cylinder to complete the engine strokecycle.

A method of producing an engine stroke cycle, the method comprising:moving a coil assembly, having at least one core element, partiallythrough a first plurality magnets positioned about a cylindrical wall ofa magnetic cylinder wherein each of the magnets of the first pluralityof magnets have similar poles pointed at the first longitudinal axis,moving the coil assembly in proximity to a plurality of end magnetspositioned on a closed end of the magnetic cylinder having similar polespointed towards an interior of the magnetic cylinder, applying a currentto the coil assembly to create a magnetic repulsive forces at aninterior end of the at least one core element, and moving the coilassembly out of the magnetic cylinder to complete the engine strokecycle.

In yet other embodiments, there may be above methods wherein the step ofapplying a current further comprises apply only enough current to changethe magnetic domain of the at least one core element.

In yet other embodiments, there may be above methods, wherein the stepof moving a coil assembly further comprises keeping a portion of thecoil assembly outside of the magnetic cylinder.

In yet other embodiments, there may be above methods, wherein the stepof applying a current comprises routing a current through a conductormeans such as a flexible conductor coupled to the coil assembly.

In yet other embodiments, there may be above methods, further comprisingrotating a crankshaft as the coil assembly moves out of the magneticcylinder.

In yet other embodiments, there may be above methods, further comprisingrotating a crankshaft assembly as the coil assembly moves into themagnetic cylinder.

The method of any of the above claims, further comprising rotating aflywheel coupled to the crankshaft assembly.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above methods furthercomprising using a portion of momentum generated by the flywheel duringthe power stroke while the shaft is magnetically balanced or neutral.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above methods furthercomprising connecting a second magnetic cylinder and a second shaft to acommon crank/flywheel out of phase with the first shaft to produce acontinuous power output.

In certain embodiments, there may be an electrical motor comprising: amagnetic cylinder, a magnetic cap coupled to one end of the magneticcylinder, a coil assembly of conductive material slidingly coupled tothe magnetic cylinder such that the coil assembly moves from a firstposition to a second position, wherein in the first position, the coilassembly is outside of the magnetic cylinder and in the second position,the coil assembly is partially or wholly inside the magnetic cylinder, acore coupled to the coil, and a means for applying current to the coil.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motor wherein themagnetic cylinder further comprises: an outer ring, a plurality ofpermanent magnets positioned within the outer ring, such that a magneticpole of each of the plurality of magnets face towards the interior ofthe magnetic cylinder.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors wherein themagnetic cylinder further comprises an inner ring.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors wherein themagnetic cap further comprises: an inner end plate coupled to themagnetic cylinder, an outer end plate, a structure coupling the outerend plate to the inner end plate, a plurality of permanent magnetspositioned between the inner end plate and the outer end plate such thata magnetic pole of each of the plurality of magnets face towards theinterior of the magnetic cylinder.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors wherein the coreis made from a ferrous material, iron or ferrite powder suspended in aviscous material.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors wherein theshaft is made from a ferrous material suspended in a viscous material.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors wherein themagnetic cylinder is made from a plurality of magnetic discs.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors furthercomprising a plurality of yolks coupling the magnetic cylinder to thecoil assembly.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors furthercomprising a casing coupling the magnetic cylinder to the coil assembly.

In yet other embodiments, there may be an electric motor comprising: ameans for creating a stacked plurality of magnetic flux forces about amagnetic cylinder such that each magnetic flux force travels between afirst pole of an inward face of a magnet of the magnetic cylinder,around an open end of the magnetic cylinder, and back to a second poleof an exterior face of the magnet, a means for creating a second stackedplurality of magnetic flux forces about a closed end of the magneticcylinder such that each magnetic flux force travels between a first poleof an inward face of a magnet positioned on the closed, around the openend of the magnetic cylinder, and back to a second pole of an exteriorface of the magnet, a means for moving a coil and a shaft coupled to thecoil partially through the first stacked plurality and second stackedplurality of magnetic flux forces in a center area of the magneticcylinder, and a means for changing the magnetic domain of the shaft, ameans for moving the coil and the shaft out of the magnetic cylinder tocomplete the engine stroke cycle.

In some embodiments, there is an electric motor apparatus characterizedby a cylinder comprising a longitudinal center axis and one or moremagnets having similar magnetic poles pointing toward the longitudinalaxis to create a first plurality of magnetic forces; a first coilassembly, including, one or more electric coils; one or more coreelements coupled to the one or more electric coils, a means to allow thecoil assembly to move into and out of the cylinder, a means to applyelectric current to the coil assembly when the coil assembly ispositioned within the cylinder such that the coil assembly will create asecond plurality of magnetic forces, wherein the second plurality ofmagnetic forces are repulsed by the first plurality of magnetic forces.

In yet other embodiments, there is the above electric motor apparatus ormotor wherein the first plurality of magnetic forces are a stackedplurality of magnetic flux forces about the magnetic cylinder such thateach magnetic flux force travels between a first pole of an inward faceof a magnet of the magnetic cylinder, around an open end of the magneticcylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet.

In yet other embodiments, there are the above electric motors furthercomprising an end cap coupled to the cylinder to create a closed end,wherein the end cap includes one or more magnets orientated such thatsimilar magnetic poles face an interior of the cylinder and the magnetsof the end cap have a repulsive magnetic force with respect to secondplurality of magnetic forces created by the coil assembly.

In yet other embodiments, there are the above electric motors whereinthe one or more magnets of the end cap are orientated to create a secondstacked plurality of magnetic flux forces such that each magnetic fluxforce travels between a first pole of an inward face of a magnet of theend cap, around an open end of the magnetic cylinder, and back to asecond pole of an exterior face of the magnet.

In yet other embodiments, there are the above electric motors whereinthe means to apply electric current to the coil applies a minimum amountof current to change the magnetic domain of the core elements.

In yet other embodiments, there are the above electric motors where themeans to allow the coil assembly to move into and out of the cylindercomprises a first connecting means coupled to a crankshaft assembly.

In yet other embodiments, there are the above electric motors furthercomprising: a second cylinder comprising one or more magnets and asecond longitudinal center axis, wherein the one or more magnets havesimilar magnetic poles pointing toward the longitudinal axis to create afirst plurality of magnetic forces; a second electric coil assembly,including, one or more electric coils one or more core elements coupledto the one or more electric coils, a means to allow the coil assembly tomove into and out of the cylinder, a means to apply electric current tothe coil assembly when the coil assembly is positioned within thecylinder such that the core apparatus will create a second plurality ofmagnetic forces, wherein the second plurality of magnetic forces arerepulsed by the first plurality of magnetic forces.

In yet other embodiments, there are the above electric motors furthercomprising: a second connecting means for connecting the second coil tothe crankshaft assembly such that when the first coil assembly is at atop of its stroke, the second coil assembly is at a bottom of itsstroke.

In yet other embodiments, there are the above electric motors furthercomprising a flywheel to provide momentum to the crankshaft assembly.

In certain embodiments, there is a method of producing an engine strokecycle, the method characterized by: moving a coil assembly through amagnetic cylinder having a stacked plurality of similarly polarizedmagnetic flux forces about the magnetic cylinder such that each magneticflux force travels between a first pole of an inward face of a magnet ofthe magnetic cylinder, around an open end of the magnetic cylinder, andback to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet, applying acurrent to the coil assembly to change the magnetic domain of coreelements of the coil assembly and create a repulsive magnetic force onthe coil assembly, and pushing a connecting rod assembly as the coilassembly is repulsed out of the magnetic cylinder.

In yet some embodiments, there is the above method further comprisingmoving the coil assembly through a second stacked plurality of magneticflux forces about a closed end of the magnetic cylinder such that eachsimilarly polarized magnetic flux force travels between a first pole ofan inward face of a magnet positioned on the closed, around the open endof the magnetic cylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior faceof the magnet.

In yet some embodiments, there are the above methods further comprisingturning a crankshaft assembly when the connecting rod assembly is pushedby the coil assembly.

In yet some embodiments, there are the above methods further comprisingcoupling the crankshaft assembly to flywheel to rotate the flywheel andgenerate momentum of the flywheel.

In yet some embodiments, there are the above methods, furthercomprising: moving a second coil assembly through a second magneticcylinder having a stacked plurality of magnetic flux forces about themagnetic cylinder such that each magnetic flux force travels between afirst pole of an inward face of a magnet of the magnetic cylinder,around an open end of the magnetic cylinder, and back to a second poleof an exterior face of the magnet, moving the second coil assemblythrough a second stacked plurality of magnetic flux forces about aclosed end of the second magnetic cylinder such that each magnetic fluxforce travels between a first pole of an inward face of a magnetpositioned on the closed, around the open end of the magnetic cylinder,and back to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet; applying acurrent to the coil assembly to change the magnetic domain of coreelements of the coil assembly and creating a repulsive magnetic force onthe coil assembly, and pushing a second connecting rod assembly as thecoil assembly is repulsed out of the magnetic cylinder.

In yet some embodiments, there are the above methods further comprisingrotating the crankshaft assembly with the second connecting rod assemblysuch that the first coil assembly is out of phase with the second coilassembly as the crankshaft is rotated by the first connecting assemblyand the second connecting assembly.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors wherein themeans of applying a current further comprises means for applying onlyenough current to change the magnetic domain of the shaft.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors wherein themeans of moving a coil and a shaft further comprises a means for keepinga portion of the coil outside of the magnetic cylinder.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors furthercomprising a means for coupling the shaft to a flywheel to rotate theflywheel and generate momentum of the flywheel.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors furthercomprising a means for mechanically coupling the shaft to crank shaft.

In yet other embodiments, there may be the above motors furthercomprising a means for connecting a second magnetic cylinder and asecond shaft to a common crank/flywheel out of phase with the firstshaft to produce a continuous power output.

In yet other embodiments, there is a an electrical engine comprising: afirst magnetic cylinder, including: a first longitudinal axis, a firstplurality magnets positioned about a cylindrical wall of the firstmagnetic cylinder and having similar poles pointed at the firstlongitudinal axis and generating a first stacked magnetic flux forcesabout the first magnetic cylinder such that each magnetic flux forcetravels between a first pole of an inward face of each magnet in thefirst plurality of magnets around an open end of the first magneticcylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of each magnetin the first plurality of magnets, a first plurality of end magnetspositioned on a closed end of the first magnetic cylinder having similarpoles pointed towards an interior of the first magnetic cylinder andcreating an additional plurality of magnetic flux forces about theclosed end of the first magnetic cylinder such that each magnetic fluxforce travels between a first pole of an inward face of a magnet in theplurality of end magnets, around the open end of the first magneticcylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet inthe first plurality of end magnets, a first coil assembly comprising: atleast one core element, at least one electrical coil positioned around acore element, wherein the first coil assembly is sized to be slideablypositioned within the first magnetic cylinder, a first housing coupledto the first magnetic cylinder, the housing including support structuresto allow the first coil assembly to move from a first position whereinthe first coil assembly is substantially positioned outside of the firstmagnetic cylinder to a second position wherein the first coil assemblyis substantially positioned within the first magnetic cylinder, a secondmagnetic cylinder, including: a second longitudinal axis, a secondplurality magnets positioned about a cylindrical wall of the secondmagnetic cylinder and having similar poles pointed at the secondlongitudinal axis and generating a second stacked magnetic flux forcesabout the second magnetic cylinder such that each magnetic flux forcetravels between a second pole of an inward face of each magnet in thesecond plurality of magnets around an open end of the second magneticcylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of each magnetin the second plurality of magnets, a second plurality of end magnetspositioned on a closed end of the second magnetic cylinder havingsimilar poles pointed towards an interior of the second magneticcylinder and creating an additional plurality of magnetic flux forcesabout the closed end of the second magnetic cylinder such that eachmagnetic flux force travels between a second pole of an inward face of amagnet in the plurality of end magnets, around the open end of thesecond magnetic cylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior faceof the magnet in the second plurality of end magnets, a second coilassembly comprising: at least one core element, at least one electricalcoil positioned around a core element, wherein the second coil assemblyis sized to be slideably positioned within the second magnetic cylinder,a second housing coupled to the second magnetic cylinder, the housingincluding support structures to allow the second coil assembly to movefrom a first position wherein the first coil assembly is substantiallypositioned outside of the first magnetic cylinder to a second positionwherein the first coil assembly is substantially positioned within thefirst magnetic cylinder.

In other embodiments, there is an electrical engine comprising: amagnetic cylinder, including: a longitudinal axis, a plurality ofmagnets positioned about a cylindrical wall of the magnetic cylinder andhaving similar poles pointed at the longitudinal axis, a plurality ofend magnets positioned on a closed end of the magnetic cylinder havingsimilar poles pointed towards an interior of the magnetic cylinder, acoil assembly comprising: at least one core element, a first electricalcoil positioned around the at least one core element, wherein the coilassembly is sized to be slideably positioned within the magneticcylinder, and a housing coupled to the magnetic cylinder, the housingincluding support structures to allow the coil assembly to move from afirst position wherein the first coil assembly is substantiallypositioned outside of the magnetic cylinder to a second position whereinthe first coil assembly is substantially positioned within the firstmagnetic cylinder.

The abstract of the disclosure is provided for the sole reason ofcomplying with the rules requiring an abstract, which will allow asearcher to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technicaldisclosure of any patent issued from this disclosure. It is submittedwith the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limitthe scope or meaning of the claims.

Any advantages and benefits described may not apply to all embodimentsof the invention. When the word “means” is recited in a claim element,Applicant intends for the claim element to fall under 35 USC 112,paragraph 6. Often a label of one or more words precedes the word“means”. The word or words preceding the word “means” is a labelintended to ease referencing of claims elements and is not intended toconvey a structural limitation. Such means-plus-function claims areintended to cover not only the structures described herein forperforming the function and their structural equivalents, but alsoequivalent structures. For example, although a nail and a screw havedifferent structures, they are equivalent structures since they bothperform the function of fastening. Claims that do not use the word meansare not intended to fall under 35 USC 112, paragraph 6.

Other embodiments may include the following exemplary claims:

Exemplary claim 1. An electrical engine comprising: a first magneticcylinder, including: a first longitudinal axis, a first pluralitymagnets positioned about a cylindrical wall of the first magneticcylinder and having similar poles pointed at the first longitudinal axisand generating a first stacked magnetic flux forces about the firstmagnetic cylinder such that each magnetic flux force travels between afirst pole of an inward face of each magnet in the first plurality ofmagnets around an open end of the first magnetic cylinder, and back to asecond pole of an exterior face of each magnet in the first plurality ofmagnets, a first plurality of end magnets positioned on a closed end ofthe first magnetic cylinder having similar poles pointed towards aninterior of the first magnetic cylinder and creating an additionalplurality of magnetic flux forces about the closed end of the firstmagnetic cylinder such that each magnetic flux force travels between afirst pole of an inward face of a magnet in the plurality of endmagnets, around the open end of the first magnetic cylinder, and back toa second pole of an exterior face of the magnet in the first pluralityof end magnets, a first coil assembly comprising: at least one coreelement, at least one electrical coil positioned around a core element,wherein the first coil assembly is sized to be slideably positionedwithin the first magnetic cylinder, a first extendable linkage coupledto the first coil adapted to extending from a first position wherein thefirst coil assembly is substantially positioned outside of the firstmagnetic cylinder to a second position wherein the first coil assemblyis substantially positioned within the first magnetic cylinder, a secondmagnetic cylinder, including: a second longitudinal axis, a secondplurality magnets positioned about a cylindrical wall of the secondmagnetic cylinder and having similar poles pointed at the secondlongitudinal axis and generating a second stacked magnetic flux forcesabout the second magnetic cylinder such that each magnetic flux forcetravels between a second pole of an inward face of each magnet in thesecond plurality of magnets around an open end of the second magneticcylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of each magnetin the second plurality of magnets, a second plurality of end magnetspositioned on a closed end of the second magnetic cylinder havingsimilar poles pointed towards an interior of the second magneticcylinder and creating an additional plurality of magnetic flux forcesabout the closed end of the second magnetic cylinder such that eachmagnetic flux force travels between a second pole of an inward face of amagnet in the plurality of end magnets, around the open end of thesecond magnetic cylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior faceof the magnet in the second plurality of end magnets, a second coilassembly comprising: at least one core element, at least one electricalcoil positioned around a core element, wherein the second coil assemblyis sized to be slideably positioned within the second magnetic cylinder,a second extendable linkage coupled to the second coil adapted toextending from a first position wherein the second coil assembly issubstantially positioned outside of the second magnetic cylinder to asecond position wherein the second coil assembly is substantiallypositioned within the second magnetic cylinder.

Exemplary claim 2. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 1, furthercomprising a mechanical assembly coupling the first extendable linkageto the second extendable linkage.

Exemplary claim 3. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 2, whereinthe mechanical assembly is a crankshaft assembly.

Exemplary claim 4. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 1, whereinthe first longitudinal axis is parallel to the second longitudinal axis.

Exemplary claim 5. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 1, whereinthe first longitudinal axis is co-linear with the second longitudinalaxis.

Exemplary claim 6. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 1, whereinthe first longitudinal axis intersects the second longitudinal axis.

Exemplary claim 7. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 1, whereinthe first longitudinal axis forms a V with the second longitudinal axiswhen viewed from an angle generally transverse from first longitudinalaxis and the second longitudinal axis.

Exemplary claim 8. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 3, furthercomprising a flywheel coupled to the crankshaft assembly.

Exemplary claim 9. An electrical engine comprising: a magnetic cylinder,including: a longitudinal axis, a plurality of magnets positioned abouta cylindrical wall of the magnetic cylinder and having similar polespointed at the longitudinal axis a plurality of end magnets positionedon a closed end of the magnetic cylinder having similar poles pointedtowards an interior of the magnetic cylinder, a coil assemblycomprising: at least one core element, a first electrical coilpositioned around the at least one core element, wherein the coilassembly is sized to be slideably positioned within the magneticcylinder, and a extendable linkage coupled to the coil adapted toextending from a first position wherein the coil assembly issubstantially positioned outside of the magnetic cylinder to a secondposition wherein the coil assembly is substantially positioned withinthe magnetic cylinder.

Exemplary claim 10. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 9, whereinthe plurality of magnets are positioned about the magnetic cylinder togenerate stacked magnetic flux forces about the magnetic cylinder suchthat each magnetic flux force travels between a pole of an inward faceof each magnet in the plurality of magnets around an open end of themagnetic cylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of eachmagnet in the plurality of magnets.

Exemplary claim 11. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 9, whereinthe plurality of end magnets are positioned to generate magnetic fluxforces about the closed end of the magnetic cylinder such that eachmagnetic flux force travels between a pole of an inward face of a magnetin the plurality of end magnets, around the open end of the magneticcylinder, and back to a second pole of an exterior face of the magnet inthe plurality of end magnets.

Exemplary claim 12. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 9, whereinthe cylindrical wall is an exterior wall.

Exemplary claim 13. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 12, furthercomprising an interior cylindrical wall.

Exemplary claim 14. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 9, whereinthe core element is selected from the group consisting of iron, ferritepowder, a ferrite compound and a ferrite powder suspended in a viscousmaterial.

Exemplary claim 15. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 9, furthercomprising a casing enclosing the core element.

Exemplary claim 16. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 9, whereinthe coil assembly further comprises an additional coil positioned aboutthe at least one core element electrically coupled to the firstelectrical coil.

Exemplary claim 17. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 9, whereinthe magnetic cylinder comprises a plurality of magnetic ringsconcentrically stacked and coupled to each other to form the magneticcylinder.

Exemplary claim 18. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 17, whereineach of the magnetic rings comprises: a center axis, an interior ring,an exterior ring, a plurality of magnets positioned between the interiorring and the exterior ring, such that similar magnetic poles of each ofthe magnets point towards the center axis, and a coupling mechanism forattaching each ring to another ring.

Exemplary claim 19. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 9, furthercomprising an end cap coupled to one end of the magnetic cylinder,wherein the end cap comprises: an end plate coupled to a cylindricalwall of the magnetic cylinder, an end ring forming a side wall of theend cap, a end cap plate coupled to the end ring, an interior platecoupled to the end plate such that the interior plate, the end ring, andthe end plate forms a compartment for containing the plurality of endmagnets.

Exemplary claim 20. The electrical engine of exemplary claim 9, whereinthe plurality of end magnets extend into the interior of the magneticcylinder.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electric motor comprising: a magnetic cylindercentered around a longitudinal axis, the magnetic cylinder including aplurality of magnets having poles of a first polarity facing an interiorcavity of the magnetic cylinder and oriented substantially perpendicularto the longitudinal axis and poles of a second polarity facing anexterior surface of the magnetic cylinder; an end cap coupled to one endof the magnetic cylinder, wherein the end cap includes one or moremagnets having poles of the first polarity facing the interior cavity ofthe magnetic cylinder and oriented substantially parallel to thelongitudinal axis and poles of the second polarity facing an exteriorsurface of the end cap; and a coil assembly including at least one coilcoupled to a shaft having first and second ends, wherein the coilassembly is sized to fit at least partially within the interior cavityof the magnetic cylinder via an open end of the magnetic cylinder,wherein the coil assembly is configured to move bi-directionally alongthe longitudinal axis with the first end of the shaft facing an interiorsurface of the end cap, and wherein the coil assembly is configured toreceive electric current via the at least one coil in order to create amagnetic pole of the first polarity at the first end of the shaft. 2.The electric motor of claim 1 wherein the magnetic cylinder includes aninner containment ring and an outer containment ring, wherein theplurality of magnets are positioned between, and held in place by, theinner and outer containment rings.
 3. The electric motor of claim 2wherein the plurality of magnets are positioned in a radial manner inrows between the inner and outer containment rings.
 4. The electricmotor of claim 1 wherein the magnetic cylinder further comprises: afirst magnetic disc forming a first portion of the magnetic cylinder,the first magnetic disc including a first portion of the plurality ofmagnets; and a second magnetic disc forming a second portion of themagnetic cylinder, the second magnetic disc including a second portionof the plurality of magnets.
 5. The electric motor of claim 4 whereinthe first and second magnetic discs include fastening features to enablethe first and second magnetic discs to be coupled together.
 6. Theelectric motor of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the shaft ismade from a material that is magnetically attracted towards the interiorcavity of the magnetic cylinder.
 7. The electric motor of claim 1further comprising a connector configured to couple the coil assembly toa crankshaft assembly.
 8. The electric motor of claim 7 furthercomprising a flywheel coupled to the crankshaft assembly.
 9. Theelectric motor of claim 1 wherein the magnetic cylinder, end cap, andcoil assembly form a single motor cylinder.
 10. An electric motorcomprising: a first magnetic disc forming a first portion of a magneticcylinder oriented around a longitudinal axis, the first magnetic discincluding a first plurality of magnets having poles of a first polarityfacing an interior cavity of the magnetic cylinder and orientedsubstantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and poles of asecond polarity facing an exterior surface of the magnetic cylinder; asecond magnetic disc positioned along the longitudinal axis proximate tothe first magnetic disc and forming a second portion of the magneticcylinder, the second magnetic disc including a second plurality ofmagnets having poles of the first polarity facing the interior cavity ofthe magnetic cylinder and oriented substantially perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis and poles of the second polarity facing the exteriorsurface of the magnetic cylinder; an end cap coupled to the firstmagnetic disc, wherein the end cap includes one or more magnets havingpoles of the first polarity facing the interior cavity of the magneticcylinder and oriented substantially parallel to the longitudinal axisand poles of the second polarity facing an exterior surface of the endcap; and a coil assembly including at least one coil coupled to a shafthaving first and second ends, wherein the coil assembly is sized to fitat least partially within the interior cavity of the magnetic cylinderwith the first end of the shaft proximate to the end cap, and whereinthe coil assembly is configured to receive electric current via the atleast one coil in order to create a magnetic pole of the first polarityat the first end of the shaft.
 11. The electric motor of claim 10wherein the first magnetic disc includes inner and outer concentricrings, wherein the first plurality of magnets are positioned between,and held by, the inner and outer concentric rings.
 12. The electricmotor of claim 10 wherein at least a portion of the shaft is made from amaterial that is magnetically attracted towards the interior cavity ofthe magnetic cylinder.
 13. The electric motor of claim 10 furthercomprising a connector configured to couple the coil assembly to acrankshaft assembly.
 14. The electric motor of claim 13 furthercomprising a flywheel coupled to the crankshaft assembly.
 15. Theelectric motor of claim 10 wherein the magnetic cylinder, end cap, andcoil assembly form a single motor cylinder.
 16. A method for use with anelectric motor, the method comprising: providing a first plurality ofmagnetic forces using a magnetic cylinder centered around a longitudinalaxis, the magnetic cylinder including a plurality of magnets havingpoles of a first polarity facing an interior cavity of the magneticcylinder and oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis and poles of a second polarity facing an exterior surface of themagnetic cylinder, wherein the first plurality of magnetic forcestravels from the poles of the first polarity, around an open end of themagnetic cylinder, and back to the poles of the second polarity;providing a second plurality of magnetic forces using an end cap coupledto the magnetic cylinder, wherein the end cap includes one or moremagnets having poles of the first polarity facing the interior cavity ofthe magnetic cylinder and oriented substantially parallel to thelongitudinal axis and poles of the second polarity facing an exteriorsurface of the end cap, wherein the second plurality of magnetic forcestravels from the poles of the first polarity, around the open end of themagnetic cylinder, and to back the poles of the second polarity; andgenerating a third plurality of magnetic forces by electricallyenergizing a coil assembly that includes at least one coil coupled to ashaft having first and second ends, wherein the coil assembly is sizedto fit at least partially within the interior cavity of the magneticcylinder via an open end of the magnetic cylinder, wherein the coilassembly is configured to move bi-directionally along the longitudinalaxis with the first end of the shaft facing an interior surface of theend cap, and wherein the third plurality of magnetic forces creates amagnetic pole of the first polarity at the first end of the shaft. 17.The method of claim 16 further comprising inserting at least a portionof the coil assembly into the interior cavity of the magnetic cylinderbefore energizing the coil assembly.
 18. The method of claim 16 furthercomprising continuing to energize the coil assembly as the shaft exitsthe interior cavity with sufficient electrical current to repel the coilassembly from the interior cavity.
 19. The method of claim 16 furthercomprising ceasing to energize the coil assembly as the shaft exits theinterior cavity.
 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the coil assembly isenergized with an amount of electrical current needed to magneticallyneutralize the coil assembly relative to the interior of the magneticcylinder.